Do not crush butterflies

Preweaning mortality in loose-housed lactating sows: Behavioral and performance differences between sows who crush or do not crush piglets

The majority of piglet deaths occur within the first 72 h after parturition, with crushing by the sow as the most common cause of preweaning mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the behavior and performance of sows that killed piglets (CR) to those that did not (NC) inside a farrowing hut within the first 72 h after parturition. A total of 336 sows and their litters were used for com...

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Design a clocked synchronous state machine with four inputs, G1–G4, that are connected to pushbuttons. The machine has four outputs, L1–L4, connected to lamps or LEDs located near the like-numbered pushbuttons. There is also an ERR output connected to a red lamp. In normal operation, the L1–L4 outputs display a 1-out-of-4 pattern. At each clock tick, the pattern is rotated by one position; the ...

Microbial Communities of Lycaenid Butterflies Do Not Correlate with Larval Diet

Herbivores possess many counteradaptations to plant defenses, and a growing body of research describes the role of symbiotic gut bacteria in mediating herbivorous diets among insects. However, persistent bacterial symbioses have not been found in Lepidoptera, despite the fact that perhaps 99% of the species in this order are herbivorous. We surveyed bacterial communities in the guts of larvae f...

Reproducing butterflies do not increase intake of antioxidants when they could benefit from them.

The significance of dietary antioxidants may be limited by the ability of animals to exploit them. However, past studies have focused on the effects of dietary antioxidants after 'antioxidant forced-feeding', and have overlooked spontaneous antioxidant intake. Here, we found that reproducing female Bicyclus anynana butterflies had higher antioxidant defences and enhanced fecundity when forced t...

Do We Know What We Do not Know? A Response to Celine Bonnet